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Start building Flutter Android apps on Linux

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Verify system requirements

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To install and run Flutter, your Linux environment must meet the following hardware and software requirements.

Hardware requirements

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Your Linux Flutter development environment must meet the following minimal hardware requirements.

RequirementMinimumRecommended
CPU Cores48
Memory in GB816
Display resolution in pixelsWXGA (1366 x 768)FHD (1920 x 1080)
Free disk space in GB11.060.0

Software requirements

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To write and compile Flutter code for Android, you must have the following version of Linux and the listed software packages.

Operating system

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Flutter supports Debian Linux 11 or later and Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS or later .

Development tools

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To develop Flutter on Linux:

  1. Verify that you have the following tools installed: bash, file, mkdir, rm, which

    $ which bash file mkdir rm which
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/file
/bin/mkdir
/bin/rm
which: shell built-in command

  2. Install the following packages: curl, git, unzip, xz-utils, zip, libglu1-mesa

    $ sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y;
$ sudo apt-get install -y curl git unzip xz-utils zip libglu1-mesa

  3. To develop Android apps:

    1. Install the following prequisite packages for Android Studio: libc6:i386, libncurses5:i386, libstdc++6:i386, lib32z1, libbz2-1.0:i386

      $ sudo apt-get install \
    libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 \
    libstdc++6:i386 lib32z1 \
    libbz2-1.0:i386

    2. Install Android Studio 2023.2.1 (Iguana) or later to debug and compile Java or Kotlin code for Android. Flutter requires the full version of Android Studio.

When you run the current version of flutter doctor, it might list a different version of one of these packages. If it does, install the version it recommends.

The developers of the preceding software provide support for those products. To troubleshoot installation issues, consult that product's documentation.

Configure a text editor or IDE

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You can build apps with Flutter using any text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) combined with Flutter's command-line tools.

Using an IDE with a Flutter extension or plugin provides code completion, syntax highlighting, widget editing assists, debugging, and other features.

Popular options include:

Install the Flutter SDK

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To install the Flutter SDK, you can use the VS Code Flutter extension or download and install the Flutter bundle yourself.

Use VS Code to install Flutter

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To install Flutter using these instructions, verify that you have installed Visual Studio Code 1.77 or later and the Flutter extension for VS Code.

Prompt VS Code to install Flutter

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  1. Launch VS Code.

  2. To open the Command Palette, press Control + Shift + P.

  3. In the Command Palette, type flutter.

  4. Select Flutter: New Project.

  5. VS Code prompts you to locate the Flutter SDK on your computer.

    1. If you have the Flutter SDK installed, click Locate SDK.

    2. If you do not have the Flutter SDK installed, click Download SDK.

      This option sends you the Flutter install page if you have not installed Git as directed in the development tools prerequisites.

  6. When prompted Which Flutter template?, ignore it. Press Esc. You can create a test project after checking your development setup.

Download the Flutter SDK

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  1. When the Select Folder for Flutter SDK dialog displays, choose where you want to install Flutter.

    VS Code places you in your user profile to start. Choose a different location.

    Consider ~/development/

  2. Click Clone Flutter.

    While downloading Flutter, VS Code displays this pop-up notification:

    Downloading the Flutter SDK. This may take a few minutes.

    This download takes a few minutes. If you suspect that the download has hung, click Cancel then start the installation again.

  3. Once it finishes downloading Flutter, the Output panel displays.

    Checking Dart SDK version...
Downloading Dart SDK from the Flutter engine ...
Expanding downloaded archive...

    When successful, VS Code displays this pop-up notification:

    Initializing the Flutter SDK. This may take a few minutes.

    While initializing, the Output panel displays the following:

    Building flutter tool...
Running pub upgrade...
Resolving dependencies...
Got dependencies.
Downloading Material fonts...
Downloading Gradle Wrapper...
Downloading package sky_engine...
Downloading flutter_patched_sdk tools...
Downloading flutter_patched_sdk_product tools...
Downloading windows-x64 tools...
Downloading windows-x64/font-subset tools...

    This process also runs flutter doctor -v. At this point in the procedure, ignore this output. Flutter Doctor might show errors that don't apply to this quick start.

    When the Flutter install succeeds, VS Code displays this pop-up notification:

    Do you want to add the Flutter SDK to PATH so it's accessible
in external terminals?

  4. VS Code may display a Google Analytics notice.

    If you agree, click OK.

  5. To enable flutter in all Terminal windows:

    1. Close, then reopen all Terminal windows.
    2. Restart VS Code.

Download then install Flutter

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To install Flutter, download the Flutter SDK bundle from its archive, move the bundle to where you want it stored, then extract the SDK.

  1. Download the following installation bundle to get the latest stable release of the Flutter SDK.

    (loading...)

    For other release channels, and older builds, check out the SDK archive.

    The Flutter SDK should download to the Linux default download directory: ~/Downloads/.

  2. Create a folder where you can install Flutter.

    Consider creating a directory at /usr/bin/.

  3. Extract the zip file into the directory you want to store the Flutter SDK.

    $ ~/Downloads/flutter_sdk_v1.0.0.zip /usr/bin/

    When finished, the Flutter SDK should be in the /usr/bin/flutter directory.

Add Flutter to your PATH

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To run Flutter commands in a shell, add Flutter to the PATH environment variable.

  1. Check which shell starts when you open a new console window. This would be your default shell.

    $ echo $SHELL

    This differs from another command that tells you which shell runs in your current console.

    $ echo $0

  2. To add Flutter to your PATH, expand the entry for your default shell, then choose the command.

    Show bash command
    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
    Show zsh command
    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshenv
    Show fish command
    $ fish_add_path -g -p $HOME/development/flutter/bin
    Show csh command
    $ echo 'setenv PATH "$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.cshrc
    Show tcsh command
    $ echo 'setenv PATH "$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.tcshrc
    Show ksh command
    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
    Show sh command
    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/development/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile

  3. To apply this change, restart all open terminal sessions.

Configure Android development

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Configure the Android toolchain in Android Studio

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help Help

To create Android apps with Flutter, verify that the following Android components have been installed.

  • Android SDK Platform, API 34.0.0
  • Android SDK Command-line Tools
  • Android SDK Build-Tools
  • Android SDK Platform-Tools
  • Android Emulator

If you haven't installed these, or you don't know, continue with the following procedure.

Otherwise, you can skip to the next section.

  1. Launch Android Studio.

    The Welcome to Android Studio dialog displays.

  2. Follow the Android Studio Setup Wizard.

  3. Install the following components:

    • Android SDK Platform, API 34.0.0
    • Android SDK Command-line Tools
    • Android SDK Build-Tools
    • Android SDK Platform-Tools
    • Android Emulator

  1. Launch Android Studio.

  2. Go to the Settings dialog to view the SDK Manager.

    1. If you have a project open, go to Tools > SDK Manager.

    2. If the Welcome to Android Studio dialog displays, click the More Options icon that follows the Open button and click SDK Manager from the dropdown menu.

  3. Click SDK Platforms.

  4. Verify that Android API 34.0.0 has been selected.

    If the Status column displays Update available or Not installed:

    1. Select Android API 34.0.0.

    2. Click Apply.

    3. When the Confirm Change dialog displays, click OK.

      The SDK Quickfix Installation dialog displays with a completion meter.

    4. When the install finishes, click Finish.

      After you installed the latest SDK, the Status column might display Update available. This means some additional system images might not be installed. You can ignore this and continue.

  5. Click SDK Tools.

  6. Verify that the following SDK Tools have been selected:

    • Android SDK Command-line Tools
    • Android SDK Build-Tools
    • Android SDK Platform-Tools
    • Android Emulator

  7. If the Status column for any of the preceding tools displays Update available or Not installed:

    1. Select the needed tools.

    2. Click Apply.

    3. When the Confirm Change dialog displays, click OK.

      The SDK Quickfix Installation dialog displays with a completion meter.

    4. When the install finishes, click Finish.

Configure your target Android device

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Set up the Android emulator

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help Help

To configure your Flutter app to run in an Android emulator, follow these steps to create and select an emulator.

  1. Enable VM acceleration on your development computer.

  2. Start Android Studio.

  3. Go to the Settings dialog to view the SDK Manager.

    1. If you have a project open, go to Tools > Device Manager.

    2. If the Welcome to Android Studio dialog displays, click the More Options icon that follows the Open button and click Device Manager from the dropdown menu.

  4. Click Virtual.

  5. Click Create Device.

    The Virtual Device Configuration dialog displays.

  6. Select either Phone or Tablet under Category.

  7. Select a device definition. You can browse or search for the device.

  8. Click Next.

  9. Click x86 Images.

  10. Click one system image for the Android version you want to emulate.

    1. If the desired image has a Download icon to the right of the Release Name, click it.

      The SDK Quickfix Installation dialog displays with a completion meter.

    2. When the download completes, click Finish.

  11. Click Next.

    The Virtual Device Configuration displays its Verify Configuration step.

  12. To rename the Android Virtual Device (AVD), change the value in the AVD Name box.

  13. Click Show Advanced Settings and scroll to Emulated Performance.

  14. From the Graphics dropdown menu, select Hardware - GLES 2.0.

    This enables hardware acceleration and improves rendering performance.

  15. Verify your AVD configuration. If it is correct, click Finish.

    To learn more about AVDs, check out Managing AVDs.

  16. In the Device Manager dialog, click the Run icon to the right of your desired AVD. The emulator starts up and displays the default canvas for your selected Android OS version and device.

Set up your target Android device

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help Help

To configure your Flutter app to run on a physical Android device, you need an Android device running Android API level 21 or later.

  1. Enable Developer options and USB debugging on your device as described in the Android documentation.

  2. [Optional] To leverage wireless debugging, enable Wireless debugging on your device as described in the Android documentation.

  3. Plug your device into your Linux computer. If your device prompts you, authorize your computer to access your device.

  4. Verify that Flutter recognizes your connected Android device.

    By default, Flutter uses the version of the Android SDK where your adb tool is based. To use a different Android SDK installation path with Flutter, set the ANDROID_SDK_ROOT environment variable to that installation directory.

Agree to Android licenses

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help Help

Before you can use Flutter and after you install all prerequisites, agree to the licenses of the Android SDK platform.

  1. Open an elevated console window.

  2. Run the following command to enable signing licenses.

    $ flutter doctor --android-licenses

    If you accepted the Android Studio licenses at another time, this command returns:

    [========================================] 100% Computing updates...
All SDK package licenses accepted.

    You can skip the next step.

  3. Before agreeing to the terms of each license, read each with care.

Troubleshooting licensing issues

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How to fix the error of finding Java install

You might have an issue with the Android SDK locating the Java SDK.

$ flutter doctor --android-licenses

ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: /Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre/Contents/Home

Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation.

Android sdkmanager tool was found, but failed to run
(/Users/atsansone/Library/Android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/sdkmanager): "exited code 1".
Try re-installing or updating your Android SDK,
visit https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for detailed instructions.

The flutter doctor command returns this error because of how the JAVA_HOME variable was set. When you add the path to JAVA_HOME, you can add a backslash to the space between Android and Studio or enclose the entire path in matching quotes. You cannot do both.

Look for your JAVA_HOME path in your appropriate shell resource file.

Change it from:

bash
export JAVA_HOME="/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre/Contents/Home"

to:

bash
export JAVA_HOME="/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/Contents/Home"

Do not include the backslash between Android and Studio.

To load this updated environment variable, reload your shell. This example uses the zsh resource file.

source ~/.zshrc

Check your development setup

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help Help

Run Flutter doctor

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The flutter doctor command validates that all components of a complete Flutter development environment for Linux.

  1. Open a shell.

  2. To verify your installation of all the components, run the following command.

    $ flutter doctor

As you chose to develop for , you do not need all components. If you followed this guide, the result of your command should resemble:

Running flutter doctor...
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.19.3, on Ubuntu 20.04 (LTS), locale en)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)
[!] Chrome - develop for the web
[✓] Android Studio (version 2023.1)
[!] Linux toolchain - develop for Linux desktop
[✓] VS Code (version 1.86)
[✓] Connected device (1 available)
[✓] Network resources


! Doctor found issues in 2 categories.

Troubleshoot Flutter doctor issues

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When the flutter doctor command returns an error, it could be for Flutter, VS Code, , the connected device, or network resources.

If the flutter doctor command returns an error for any of these components, run it again with the verbose flag.

$ flutter doctor -v

Check the output for other software you might need to install or further tasks to perform.

If you change the configuration of your Flutter SDK or its related components, run flutter doctor again to verify the installation.

Start developing on Linux apps with Flutter

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Congratulations! Now that you have installed all prerequisites and the Flutter SDK, you should be able to start developing Flutter apps for on Linux.

Manage your Flutter SDK

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To learn more about managing your Flutter SDK install, consult the following resources.